International

Pakistan-China Proposal to Designate BLA as Terror Entity at UNSC: Why It Was Blocked and What It Means for India

September 19, 2025
Balochistan Liberation ArmyUNSC 1267 Sanctions CommitteePakistan-China Joint ProposalTerrorism DesignationUS-UK-France Technical HoldCross-Border Terrorism from Afghanistan

Why in News

Pakistan and China have jointly proposed to the United Nations Security Council to label the Balochistan Liberation Army (BLA) and its suicide wing, the Majeed Brigade, as terrorist groups under the UN's 1267 sanctions list. This move comes amid rising attacks claimed by BLA in Pakistan, but it was blocked by the United States, United Kingdom, and France, who said there was not enough proof connecting these groups to Al-Qaeda or ISIL. This highlights ongoing tensions in how countries define and handle terrorism, especially in South Asia, where India watches closely due to its own security concerns with Pakistan.

Key Points

  1. Pakistan and China submitted a joint proposal to the UN Security Council's 1267 Sanctions Committee to designate the Balochistan Liberation Army (BLA) and Majeed Brigade as terrorist entities, which would lead to asset freezes, travel bans, and arms embargoes.
  2. The proposal was made on September 18, 2025, during a UN Security Council meeting on the situation in Afghanistan, where Pakistan's UN Ambassador Asim Iftikhar Ahmed highlighted the threat from these groups.
  3. Ambassador Ahmed stated that over 60 terror camps in Afghanistan are being used by groups like BLA, ISIL-K, Al-Qaeda, and Tehrik-e-Taliban Pakistan for cross-border attacks on Pakistan.
  4. He urged the Afghan Taliban government to meet its international duties on fighting terrorism, calling it Pakistan's biggest national security threat.
  5. The US, UK, and France put a technical hold on the proposal, saying there was not enough evidence linking BLA and Majeed Brigade to Al-Qaeda or ISIL, which is required for the 1267 list.
  6. Just last month, on August 11, 2025, the US designated BLA and Majeed Brigade as a Foreign Terrorist Organization (FTO) and added Majeed Brigade as an alias to BLA's 2019 Specially Designated Global Terrorist (SDGT) status.
  7. The Majeed Brigade, formed in 2011, is known as BLA's suicide squad and has targeted Pakistani security forces and Chinese projects in Pakistan.
  8. BLA has claimed responsibility for several attacks, including suicide bombings, and is seen as a separatist group fighting for Baloch independence from Pakistan.
  9. Pakistan is currently a non-permanent member of the UN Security Council for the 2025-2026 term, while China is a permanent member with veto power.
  10. This block comes after years of China blocking India's proposals at the UN to list Pakistan-based terrorists like those from Lashkar-e-Taiba, showing a pattern in UN terrorism listings.

Explained

What Is the Balochistan Liberation Army (BLA)?

The Balochistan Liberation Army, or BLA, is a group of fighters from Balochistan, a province in Pakistan. They want Balochistan to be independent from Pakistan because they feel the government there treats them unfairly, takes their resources like natural gas without giving back enough, and suppresses their rights. BLA started around 2000 and uses attacks like bombings and shootings to push their cause. For example, they have targeted roads, trains, and projects built by China in Pakistan, saying these hurt local people. The group is banned in Pakistan and now in the US too, but they say they are freedom fighters, not terrorists. This makes it tricky because different countries see them differently based on their own interests.

What Is the Majeed Brigade?

The Majeed Brigade is a special part of BLA, started in 2011. It is named after a Baloch leader and focuses on suicide attacks, where fighters blow themselves up to hit targets. They mostly go after Pakistani army posts, police, and Chinese workers on big projects like the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC). CPEC is a road and port plan worth billions of dollars that connects China to Pakistan's sea, but Baloch groups say it ignores local needs and brings in outsiders. The brigade has done attacks like bombing buses carrying Chinese engineers, killing several people. This is why China is upset and wants them labeled as terrorists.

What Is the UN 1267 Sanctions Committee?

The UN 1267 Sanctions Committee is a group under the United Nations Security Council that decides who gets called a terrorist linked to big groups like Al-Qaeda, the Taliban, or ISIL. It started in 1999 after a UN rule to fight terrorism after attacks like the one on US embassies. If a person or group gets on this list, countries must freeze their money, stop them from traveling, and not sell them weapons. Any UN member can suggest a name, but all 15 council members must agree—no one can say no, or it gets blocked. Often, countries like China have blocked names India wanted, like for terrorists behind Mumbai attacks in 2008. This committee helps countries work together against global terror but can get stuck in politics.

Why Did Pakistan and China Propose This?

Pakistan wants BLA on the list because the group has killed many soldiers and civilians in attacks, like a big one in August 2025 where over 50 people died in Balochistan. Pakistan says BLA hides in Afghanistan and gets help from there, making it hard to stop them. China supports this because BLA has attacked Chinese people working on CPEC, which is part of China's big plan called Belt and Road to trade more. For example, in 2018, BLA attacked the Chinese consulate in Karachi. Both countries say listing BLA will help stop their money and weapons, making the region safer. But critics say Pakistan uses this to hide its own problems in Balochistan, like not giving rights to locals.

Why Was the Proposal Blocked?

The US, UK, and France stopped the proposal with a "technical hold," which means they can ask for more time or info before deciding. They said there is no strong proof that BLA works with Al-Qaeda or ISIL, which is needed for the 1267 list. The list is only for groups tied to those big terror networks, not just any fighters. Even though the US called BLA a terrorist group in its own laws last month, that is different from the UN list. This shows how countries pick and choose based on rules and alliances. For instance, the US might not want to help Pakistan too much because of past issues, like Pakistan hiding terrorists.

What Are the Implications for Regional Security?

This block affects safety in South Asia and beyond. For Pakistan, it means they can't get global help to fight BLA easily, so attacks might continue, hurting their economy and people. China might get more worried about its workers in Pakistan, slowing down projects like CPEC. Afghanistan is in the middle because Pakistan says terror comes from there, but the Taliban say they control it. Broader, it shows how big powers like the US and China disagree on who is a terrorist, making it hard to fight real threats together.

What Does This Mean for India?

From India's view, this is important because India has long complained about Pakistan using terror groups against it, like Lashkar-e-Taiba, and China often blocks UN listings for those. Now, when Pakistan wants help against its own problem, it gets blocked too. India sees BLA as Pakistan's internal issue but watches because Balochistan is near India's borders, and instability there can spread. India also worries about CPEC going through areas India claims, like in Kashmir. Experts say this could make India push harder for UN reforms to stop such blocks. Overall, it reminds everyone that terrorism definitions depend on politics, and India wants fair rules for all.

MCQ Facts

Q1. What is the main reason the US, UK, and France blocked Pakistan and China's proposal to designate BLA as a terrorist entity under the UN 1267 regime?
A) Lack of support from other UN members
B) Insufficient evidence linking BLA to Al-Qaeda or ISIL
C) Ongoing peace talks with BLA
D) Economic ties with Pakistan
Explanation: The US, UK, and France placed a technical hold on the proposal because there was not enough proof connecting the Balochistan Liberation Army (BLA) and Majeed Brigade to Al-Qaeda or ISIL, which is a requirement for listing under the UN 1267 Sanctions Committee focused on those specific terror networks.

Mains Question

Examine the role of the UN Security Council's 1267 Sanctions Committee in addressing global terrorism, with reference to recent proposals involving regional militant groups and their implications for India's security interests in South Asia.

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