Free Trade Agreement Current Affairs for UPSC

India and the United States have made progress towards an interim bilateral trade agreement, but uncertainty over American tariffs, manufacturing overcapacity investigations, agricultural market access and Russian oil purchases continues to complicate negotiations. On 15 October 2026, India's Commerce Secretary said the first phase had been finalised and was undergoing legal drafting, although the agreement was not yet signed. The issue highlights Section 301 investigations, changes in US trade law following a Supreme Court judgment, forced-labour import restrictions, India's export competitiveness and the challenge of securing a stable, mutually beneficial trade relationship.

The India-UK Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA) and the companion Double Contribution Convention (DCC) entered into force on 15 July 2026, operationalising India's first comprehensive free trade agreement with a major developed economy. The UK has eliminated tariffs on 99% of Indian tariff lines, while India has cut duties on around 90% of products, including first-ever FTA concessions on cars and Scotch whisky. This article explains what CETA is, its negotiation journey, sector-wise gains and concessions, the DCC for professionals, the new self-declaration rules of origin, the steel quota arrangement, the CBAM concern, and CETA's place in India's FTA strategy.

The India-UK Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA) will come into force on 15 July 2026, after both sides resolved a dispute over the UK's new steel safeguard measures that had delayed the rollout. Signed in July 2025, the deal grants duty-free access to 99% of India's exports and takes effect alongside the Double Contribution Convention (DCC) on social security. This article explains what CETA is, the gains for India's exporters and professionals, the steel compromise, the concessions to the UK, how the pact fits India's wider FTA strategy, and the concerns it raises.

With the India-Oman Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (CEPA) taking effect on June 1, 2026, India now has 15 free trade agreements covering 27 countries, with around nine more pacts under negotiation. As this network rapidly expands, a debate has intensified over whether FTAs are genuinely strengthening India's economy or widening its trade deficits and weakening domestic manufacturing. This article explains what FTAs and CEPAs are, the difference between MFN and preferential tariffs, the concepts of rules of origin, FTA utilisation and inverted duty structures, the key concerns raised by trade analysts, and the case in favour of FTAs — giving aspirants a complete, balanced picture of India's trade-agreement strategy.